Improved arithmometer for addition



0. La CASTLE.

Calculator! Patented Nov. 2, 1858.

UNITED STATES ORLANDO L. CASTLE, or

UPPER ALTON, ILLINOIS.

lMPROVED ARITHMOMETER FOR ADDITION.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 21,941, dated November 2.1858.

To (all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ORLANDO LANE CASTLE, of Upper Alton,in the county of Madison and State of Illinois, have invented a new and Improved Ari'thmometerfor. Adding Numbers; and I do hereby declarethat thc' following is a'fnll, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being. had to the accompanying drawin formingpart of this specification, in whic Figure I is aplan View -of th earithmome v ter. Fig.2 is a transverse-vertical section of the same. Fig.-3 exhibits 'a horizcntaljsection cf therase and altop-view'of the. driving mechanism by which the register onadding apparatus is operated. Fig. 4-is a front ele-o vation with the front. parts 0f the case and, register-box broken away to "expose the inte;

rior mechanism; j.Fig.5 is'aIongitudinalveP tical section of the register. Figs. 6, 7,8,9,- 10, 11, and 12 are views. ofiso'me" ofth'edetails ofthe-register.

' Similar. letters and numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts .in the several figures. y f f A is a case,which contains the drivinginechanism to operate the'register, and Bis a small .box outside of A containing the register.

C, Fig. 2, is the driving-wheeL-consisting of a large spur-wheel whichg'earsi with one of the wheels of the register to drivethe-la'tter. for the purpose of registering or adding. the

numbers, said wheel 0: being secured to a horizontal shaft D, whichis'inclosed-within the case A,--and which is fitted to work in hearings in the ends of a frame E, which ex-.

tends from end to end of said case A.

In frontof the shaft are arranged the' finger-lmys F F, ten in number, consisting:ef v

upright pins, all arranged in a lineparallel with the shaft D and having their heads, which project through anopening in the top of thecase A, numbered, respectively, from 1 to 10in regular order. The said keys are fitted to'slide i'ertically in guidfi g g"'in-the.

frame E E and have springs e e applied to force themnpward. The vertical movement oi said keys is'limited in a downward directjon bythei-r. bottoms coming in contactwith the }'9tt0ni of box Aand in an upward direction by step-pins f j, which are .secu'red to them and which-etc against the upper guide a. lThedflvipg-shaftl), besides the driving- Q wheel, has also secured to it five ratchet-wheels "0 ten" levers H H, which workjfreely-upon .the

shaft D as their'fnlcruin, half: the said levers being either of the second .or third order, as shown in Fi gs.8 and 10, whichare' side views of two offthose levers detached from the machine, and the other halfbeingall of the first order, as shown in Fig.9,-theeven-numbered keys being cbnnectedlwith the-levers oi the first order and; the odd-numbered'ones with those of the second orthirdjorden'and each of the said levers carries'a pawlql', which engages with one ofthe ratchet-wheels G- G,

- two pawls eng a ing with each ratchebwheel .viz".,one belonging to anodd-numbered key engaging withit in -front of the shaft and ,one belonging toan even-numbered one at an .-opposite p0int.by which arrangem'ent and the arrangement foi',their two levers on opposite sides of the ratchet-wheel-the two pawls are permittedto operate on, thera-tchetwheel independently of and without interference with each other. The pawls are severallyfnrnished with springs hh to 'keep them in gear with their respective ratchets;

.The depression of the keys F- F operates upon theirirespec'tive levers H H in such a manner as tomake their respective pawls'd -cZ operate on their respective ratchet-wheels and thnsgive rotary'motion to the shaft D; but, as the keys are all permitted to have the same. amount of vertical movement, and the pawls are all at the same distance from the iulc'rnm ofthe levers, itis' necessary, in order that by the depression ofany key'its respective ratchetwheel maybe turned a distance cor-.

responding-with the number marked upon it, to connect thekey-at a'point nearer to or fartherfrom the fulcrum of the lever, according to its numben'thekey numbered 1 being con-' mitted, will only cause its pawl to move farenongh to move its respective ratchet-wheel a swim one'tcoth, the next key (marked 2) being connected with its lever at a sutliciently less distance to canse'its pawl to be moved by a similar depression of the key far enough to move its ratchet-wheel two teeth, and so on throughout the whole series.

To provide for the connection of the pins a at suitable distances from the fulcrum of the levers II ll, any number of the pins-a a may be attached to their respectivekey's by wheel is fitted loosely to the driving-shaft D,

and is connected therewith by meansot a coiled spring 'z,,arranged within a box j; at-

tached to the said wheel, the said spring be-- ing applied in a manner wcll known to mechanics, with suitable stops 7: Z on the shaft and wheel, as shown in Fig. l; to permit the shaft to move atfirst faster than the wheel, but to compel the whecl'to continue moving after the shaft has stopped till it has movedas far as it would have done it attached rigidly to the shaft. A flier I is also geared with the wheel to regulate its motion; but; v a ratehet-wheelm and pawl '11 are interposed between the said wheel and the flier to'permit the'fiier to free itself from the-wheel when the latterarrives at the proper position to stop.

I turn independently of each other on aiixed shatt- J, Fig. 5, secured in'the register-box it, and severally having their peripheries divided circuiiitercntial'ly into ten equal spaces, marked with numerals'from 0 to 9. One of the numerals of each wheel is visible through one of a series of openings 0 o 0 in the'top of the register-box 1%, said openings being arranged in line witheach other, so that the numerals presented opposite to them by the several wheels may be in line with each other and the sum represented by the combination of said numerals may be read oft.

- Each of the registering-wheels has firmly secured to ita spur-wheel q, and in orderthat a fixed bar K, which attaches ,it to the case A. The register-box is open bbth at its back' and bottom, which fit to the step-like portion of the fronto't' the case, and the driving-wheel C is thus permitted to enter it. The wheels will produceone-tenth of a revolution of that sion of. the key numbered 2 two-tenths, and so on.

The register-box" is secured in, place when either of the wheels is in gear with the driving-wheel by one side of it being received within one ofia number of notches r 1' r, corresponding with the number of wheels q q q in a projecting plate L, secured to the extethe wheel front one wheel q to another, the

frontto release itfrom the plate L, and then moved longitudinally along the bar K till the proper wheel q comes opposite G, and then the box may be allowed to fall into the notch '1'. Each of the register-wheels, except the unitswheel 12', has secured to it a small ratchetwheel 8, which is inclosed within a cavity in ister-whe'el-has attached to it a spring-pawl t, which (except in the case of that-one attached to the wheel of highest denomination) is in? tended to engage with the ratchet-wheel on the register-wheel of the next denomination above; but said pawls are severally only permitted to engage with their respective ratchetwheels duringonetcnth partof every revolution of the wheels to which said pawls are respectively attached, their engagement during nine-tenths of the revolution being prevented by means of stationary plates u'u, sccured firmly to the shaft J in the cavities of the register-wheels, said plates being of the form shown in Fig. 11, which is a side view of one of theme-via, circularbut with a recess a, the bottom of whichis equal in width to onetenth the circmnfercnce of the circle of which itforms partand the sides of which are slightly inclined. During" nine-tenths of the revolution of eitherregister-wheel its attached pawl, resting on the edge of one of its respective plat-es u, is held out of gear with its respective is allowed to come in gear therewith by falling into the notch 11, and during such remaining tenth it carries the register-wheel of higher denomination to which the ratchetwheel is attached along wit-hit. The plates nu are so arranged upon the shat'tJ that the pawl of each register-wheel acts on the ratchet of the one of higher denomination during that tenth part of the revolution of the former in which its 0 moves away from the opening 0 and its 0 is presented. The several regisbackward.

.rior ct the case A. To change the gearing of register-box l3 merely requires to be lifted in ratchet-wheel, but during the remainingtenth -q q q and must be so proportioned in size that. the depression of the key numbered 1- wheel which is'in gear with C, the depresv the side of ,the register-wheel, and each regter-whcels are prevented being rotated to-,/-

.- p d pa w for a different purpose to that hereinb'eforey mu; 'w in Figs. 5 and 12 (the latterof whichfigures is a side view of one of the: register ing-wheels and its appendages) are springs coiled up within cavities on the opposite sides of the register-wheels to their respective dition'of a. sum has been completed and it is desired to-com mence adding another, of cansing the O 0 0, of all the 'register-wheels to present themselves opposite, thewopenings o o- 0 of the boiB; 'lo'perrnit such action it is necessary to release the wheels 'qq g-fro'tn-the paw-Isa: tax, audio! this purposethebottom edge of-the 'front of the box H is hinged or pivoted, as'shown aty V3 in Figs. 1 and 5, and' the-1 upper part ofsaid front made capableof being pressed back bythe-thumb of the operator against the heels of said pawls arm's, which are so arranged that by the'said pressare against their heelstheir toes are thrown ontof gear with the wheels-,q'q-q. The said springs w w w are secnredeach at one'end to its respective register-wheel and at the. other to a collar z,;fitting loosely. to the shaft.

J; Q'lhe collars a z 2 have attached tothem elastic arms 13-13 13, madeof thin flat steel", which spectivepawls, ;I will herereniarlr'lthat the register-wheel of the highest denominationcarries a. spring-pawl-t like all the others, and

that asimilar plate a is" arranged to operate butthispawl and plate are described, which purpose is also served by the other pawls ttand plates u, u, and which I will presentlydescribe. Each spring-arm] 'ef'prjesses against the adjacent plate a, and the plates u u u have on the faces next the arins'13l313 very slight projections '14 14 14, which serve as stops to said arms 13 1313 as their respect- :iye register-wheels rotate and lcanse said springs to be wound up by the rotation of Consequently as soon as the" pawls a: a". .zr'arethrown outof gearthe-regis-- ter wheels are turned backward by th e'springsthe wheels.

w a 10; but the register-"wheels are prevented going back farther thanis necessary .tobring 1 their f 00 0 in View bysmall projections 1515* 15 on their peripheries coming in contact with; the ends of the frictionespringso v. Thesprings 11 w w, it' is obvious, however, cannot go on'being wound up during repeated revoln tions of the registerwheelafand hence they are liberatedand allowed to uncoil everytime their respective register-wheels respectively arriyewith the 0 in view. 'lheway in'whioh this i's-done .is' by'the projection v 14 dr'rvln the'elastic arm 13; between the pawl tan thewlieel to which it is attached in the mannor showointhe top view, Fig. 7, which, by

reason ofthebeveled form of the sideofthe pawl next the wheel, forces'the arm out of he way of the projection 14." This action is prevented taking place till the proper time by reason o the pawl only arriving in con- .the'recess 21"..

ratchet'whe'els for the purpose, when thc-ad-' project up between the registenwheels and-the plates u u i u, which govern their rei iheel' iften-th part; of a re to! wheel In this way any-2mm s mas of fignr'es csnbe added, pres ded "isfa snflicient number of regi tactwit-hthe elastic arm as it drops into the recess. ujin its respective plat'e u, the projec-' tion'll .on each plate always being close to l-Iaving described the construction and operation of the several parts of any arith-mometel-4 lrlw illpro'ceedgto describe the mode in which addition is "performed hyit. Before conunencing; the register-should be set freeof t h e; driving wheel- Q by raising np the registerfbox andime'ring'it; longitudinally to such aposition thatvnei-ther of its wheels q q q is oppositethe driving-wheel and, then letting its bottom rest-ulion, plate L between the notches r -r ;r, which keeps all the w-heels of the register clear of the driving-wheel, and then by pressing back the front plate of the. box B to liberate the wheels q q qf rom thepawls a: new the register-wheelsp 10 pf are all'cau'secl to present their Q 0 0 in View at the topof the box. The register-box is then-movedloiigitndi'nallyfto bring the wheel q'b'elongingto the units-register-wheel p? opposite the driving-wheel G, and the box is then allowed to drop into the proper'not'cli .1, whichbr'ings the above mentioned wheel q into gear with C. The addition is then commenced by depressing the keys F one after the other in Y 111119 same ndmerical order as the figures occur in the column of units or lowest denoinination-to be added, and at every depressionthc units 'registerwheel 15.. iscahsedr in make many tenths of arewblutlen-as the new)! "wheel g that is attached mime tens registen' were its; gear can aeeiinngwteeic, hudthe eolumnof' tenspreceed with in'the sam -manner as the additionei the-units, as

abovedeseribed'. In iddil 'zthe colizran' of rtensaeverr time the "wheel completes a" reroletidi; it imparts- .tomflg its pawl aiid- :th'e-ratehetmheel'bn' thehundreds. mg isl ff ilrheel a. tenth; part era revolution to the latshifting the register-box after each column to bring the wheel g wished to the register-wheel of the est denomination into gear with ti and whenever in the operation wheel (excepting, of course, elf e est denomination) eempletes'e pawl attached acts on the ratchet-wheel attached to that of the next highest denomination to give it a tenth part of a revolution. What I claim as my invention,and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. Combining the shaft 1) of the driving- Wheel C, which serves to give motion to the register, with the keys F F by" means of a seties of ratchet-wheels on the said shaft and a,

series of levets ofdififerentlengths'which work on said shaft as a fulcrumand are connected with the keys, when the whole are arranged as set forth.

2. Combining the register-Wheels of lower denomination with those of higher denomination by means of the pawls it, ratchet-wheels s s, and. stationary plates u, the whole applied, arranged, and operating substantially as described, for the purpose set forth.

3. The springs '10 w w, with their elastic arms 13, appliedto the register-wheels, in combination with the stationary plates u u u and their pro ections 14 14 14, to operate substan' tially as and for the'purpose set'forth. j 4 O. L. CASTLE. Witnesses:

ROBERT RICHMOND. (Imus KIRK- 

